Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Measurement System is a high-precision scientific instrument designed for automatic characterization of 

the photoelectric properties of samples. It measures the sample's response to incident light wavelengths using intense light in the UV,

 visible, and near-infrared ranges, while also being capable of simulating solar radiation environments (using air mass filters) to support 

various complex experimental needs. The system is equipped with advanced software that records photocurrent action spectra and

 photovoltage action spectra, and supports potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests at fixed wavelengths, including both continuous wave

 (CW) and pulse modes. Additionally, the system can calculate the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) ratio as a 

function of wavelength and bias potential, and with an optional integrating sphere, it can assess the absorbed photon-to-electron 

conversion efficiency (APCE) ratio. All experimental parameters, such as light wavelength, intensity, and edge filter settings, are precisely 

controlled by the software. Its modular design also allows integration with devices such as a Kelvin probe, thereby expanding 

experimental capabilities.

Instytut Fotonowy offers two standard configurations of PEC systems — the Enhanced Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Measurement System 

and the Mini Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Measurement System — while also supporting customized development according to research

 needs, providing reliable solutions for new energy research, photoelectric material development, and investigation of electrochemical 

reaction mechanisms.

The Enhanced Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Measurement System is designed for both static and dynamic measurements, enabling 

automatic and comprehensive characterization of photoelectric properties using both static and dynamic techniques. This system

 integrates the functionalities of a photoelectronic spectrometer, intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy 

(IMPS/IMVS), a solar simulator, and an impedance camera. It is equipped with light calibrator accessories for light transmission 

measurements and on-demand system recalibration. With this system, you can apply various measurement techniques to a sample

 without moving it, avoiding the need to transfer the sample between different measurement setups. The core component of the 

system is a monochromator featuring two input slits and an additional mirror on an optical rotating platform. A xenon lamp is

 connected to the first monochromator input, providing a continuous wavelength supply and serving as the basis for the solar 

simulator. The second monochromator input is used for an LED wheel equipped with 10 LED light sources. The LED wheel provides light

 intensity modulation for time-scale studies. Light from the LED wheel can be directed into the sample chamber via a mirror or a

 grating. Combining the LED wheel with a grating offers better spectral resolution and a wide range of light intensity modulation. 

The selection of light sources and their operation are controlled by the software.

"Instrument Measurement Functions"

Multi-Scenario Adaptability: Core Electrochemical Testing Functions

· Current measurement of a sample at a given bias potential (Chronoamperometry, CA)

· Open circuit potential (OCP) measurement under illumination or dark conditions

· Photocurrent testing of samples illuminated by solar (AM1.5G) or monochromatic light

· I-V characteristic curve generation and analysis

Optical Performance Analysis: Characterizing Light Action and Response

· Sample transmittance measurement

· Monitoring of incident light intensity reaching the sample

· Action spectrum mapping (photocurrent as a function of potential and wavelength)

· IPCE (Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency) spectrum analysis

· APCE (Absorbed Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency) calculation (with integrating sphere)

· Sample reflectance evaluation (using an integrating sphere)

· Sample thickness analysis for a given diffusion length

Charge Carrier Behavior Exploration: Dynamics and Lifetime Parameters

· Minority carrier lifetime (recombination time) analysis

· Carrier transit time measurement in the sample

· Diffusion coefficient calculation and evaluation

· Diffusion length measurement for a given sample thickness

Interfacial and Kinetic: Charge Transfer and Impedance Performance Measurement

· Interfacial charge transfer rate measurement

· Self-consistent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing

· Nonlinear effects studies:

  · Higher-order harmonic generation

  · Intermodulation (two input frequencies generating a third frequency at the output)

  · Current rectification (sample resistance varying with current direction)

Cross-Disciplinary Applications: Other Kinetic and Functional Extensions

· Accurate support for measurement and study of other kinetic parameters

· Compatible with customized modular extensions to meet diverse research needs

"Flexible Customizable Components"

The system mainly includes the following components: a sample chamber, a UV-Vis and IR monochromator, a potentiostat, a 150 W

 xenon lamp with its controller and water cooling system, an electrochemical cell (with a Pt counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference 

electrode), an LED rotator, an impedance camera, and the FotoGUI software.

Instrument performance can be adjusted according to custom customer requirements.

· Figure 1. IPCE contour map.

· Figure 2. Photocurrent map as a function of wavelength and bias potential.